Caregiver Topic: Ataxia

What is "ataxia"?

Ataxia (ah-TACKS-e-uh) is a neurological sign that indicates dysfunction of the cerebellum, or other parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement. Ataxia typically consists of poor muscle control that causes clumsy movements. This can affect balance, walking, hand coordination, speech, swallowing and eye movements. Ataxia symptoms and their progression very greatly.

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Common Types of ataxia

There are many types of ataxia, however, they can be categorized in three groups:

• Hereditary ataxias, existing from birth or an early age (e.g. spinocerebellar ataxia)

• Acquired ataxias, appearing in adulthood such as sporadic ataxia and multiple system atrophy

• Ataxia resulting from another major medical condition, such as a dementia-related illness

How can I help someone experiencing ataxia?

You can help someone experiencing ataxia by doing exercises with them that focus on their coordination and balance. You can also work in a professional Physical Therapy environment. You can also have the person see a Speech Therapist to improve speech and swallowing, and an Occupational Therapist to improve their ability to do their living tasks, such as walking or eating. Being patient when a someone with ataxia while they are speaking is important, in addition to not speaking for them. Living with ataxia can be both physically and emotionally hard, and talking with a therapist or a counselor might help. Joining a support group is also be a great way to socialize with others who also have ataxia and can share their own stories, while creating a positive atmosphere in the process. In addition, it can be very helpful to use canes, crutches, walkers, or a wheelchair for their balance and coordination issues to foster as much independence as possible.

The National Ataxia Foundation is offering resources and support for individuals with ataxia. Learn more about their work and advocacy by visiting https://www.ataxia.org.

Originally published May 2024 in the NYMC newsletter.